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Crude Oil Prices Monthly

(Data Source: World Bank Commodity Markets)

Monthly crude oil prices reflect the balance between global demand, supply discipline, geopolitical risk, and regional market constraints. Brent, Dubai, and WTI together represent the key benchmarks used in international oil trade.

Key Long-Term Insights (1982–Present)

Since 1982, Brent crude has averaged around the mid-$40s per barrel, with extended periods of relative stability interrupted by sharp global shocks.
The most intense price volatility occurred during the 2008–09 global financial crisis, when oil prices collapsed rapidly after reaching record highs.
Monthly price movements are inherently asymmetric, with the largest single-month change exceeding 40%, highlighting the shock-driven nature of oil markets.
Over the long term, prices increased in just over half of all months, indicating the absence of a persistent upward drift in crude oil prices.
Regional price differentials behave differently from outright prices; Brent–WTI volatility peaked during the US shale expansion period, reflecting infrastructure and logistics constraints rather than global demand alone.

How to Read the Table

Prices are monthly averages, expressed in US dollars per barrel.
Brent–Dubai and Brent–WTI differentials indicate relative pricing between benchmarks.
More recent data appears at the top of the table.

Month	Crude Oil average dollar per barrel	Crude Oil Brent dollar per barrel	Crude Oil Dubai dollar per barrel	Crude Oil WTI dollar per barrel	Brent Dubai Differential dollar per barrel	Brent WTI Differential dollar per barrel
Dec-25	60.9	62.7	62.0	57.9	0.7	4.8
Nov-25	62.3	63.6	63.8	59.6	-0.2	4.0
Oct-25	63.0	64.7	64.3	60.2	0.4	4.5
Sep-25	66.5	68.0	67.8	63.7	0.2	4.3
Aug-25	66.7	68.2	67.9	64.1	0.3	4.1
Jul-25	69.2	71.0	69.2	67.4	1.7	3.6
Jun-25	69.2	71.5	68.5	67.5	3.0	4.0
May-25	62.8	64.2	63.0	61.0	1.2	3.2
Apr-25	65.9	67.8	66.9	63.1	0.9	4.7
Mar-25	70.7	72.6	71.7	67.8	0.9	4.8
Feb-25	73.8	75.2	75.0	71.3	0.2	3.8
Jan-25	78.2	79.2	80.1	75.1	-0.9	4.1
Dec-24	72.3	73.8	73.3	69.8	0.5	4.0
Nov-24	72.3	74.4	72.8	69.7	1.6	4.7
Oct-24	74.0	75.7	74.7	71.6	1.0	4.1
Sep-24	72.4	74.3	73.4	69.6	0.9	4.7
Aug-24	78.1	80.9	78.0	75.6	2.9	5.3
Jul-24	83.3	85.3	83.9	80.5	1.4	4.8
Jun-24	81.2	82.6	82.2	78.9	0.4	3.7
May-24	81.5	82.0	83.5	78.8	-1.5	3.2
Apr-24	88.0	90.1	89.4	84.6	0.7	5.5
Mar-24	83.6	85.5	84.7	80.5	0.8	5.0
Feb-24	80.6	83.8	81.2	76.7	2.6	7.1
Jan-24	77.7	80.2	78.9	73.9	1.4	6.3
Dec-23	75.7	77.9	77.2	72.1	0.6	5.8
Nov-23	81.4	83.2	83.5	77.4	-0.3	5.8
Oct-23	89.1	91.1	90.6	85.6	0.4	5.5
Sep-23	92.2	94.0	93.1	89.6	0.9	4.4
Aug-23	84.7	86.2	86.6	81.4	-0.5	4.8
Jul-23	79.0	80.1	80.5	76.4	-0.4	3.7
Jun-23	73.3	74.9	74.7	70.2	0.2	4.7
May-23	74.1	75.7	75.1	71.6	0.6	4.1
Apr-23	82.5	84.1	83.8	79.4	0.3	4.7
Mar-23	76.5	78.5	77.5	73.4	1.0	5.2
Feb-23	80.3	82.7	81.2	76.8	1.5	5.9
Jan-23	80.4	83.1	80.0	78.1	3.1	5.0
Dec-22	78.1	80.9	76.8	76.5	4.1	4.4
Nov-22	87.4	91.1	86.3	84.8	4.8	6.3
Oct-22	90.3	93.1	90.6	87.3	2.5	5.9
Sep-22	88.2	90.2	90.6	83.9	-0.5	6.3
Aug-22	96.0	98.6	97.8	91.6	0.9	7.0
Jul-22	105.1	108.9	106.5	99.9	2.4	9.1
Jun-22	116.8	120.1	115.7	114.6	4.4	5.5
May-22	110.1	112.4	108.3	109.6	4.1	2.8
Apr-22	103.4	105.8	102.7	101.8	3.1	4.0
Mar-22	112.4	115.6	113.1	108.5	2.5	7.1
Feb-22	93.5	95.8	93.1	91.7	2.6	4.0
Jan-22	83.9	85.5	83.1	83.1	2.4	2.4
Dec-21	72.9	74.3	72.8	71.5	1.6	2.8
Nov-21	79.9	80.8	79.8	79.2	1.0	1.6
Oct-21	82.1	83.7	81.2	81.3	2.4	2.3
Sep-21	72.8	74.6	72.2	71.6	2.4	3.0
Aug-21	68.9	70.0	68.9	67.7	1.2	2.3
Jul-21	73.3	74.4	73.0	72.5	1.4	1.9
Jun-21	71.8	73.1	71.0	71.4	2.1	1.7
May-21	66.4	68.0	66.0	65.2	2.1	2.9
Apr-21	63.0	64.8	62.4	61.7	2.4	3.1
Mar-21	63.8	65.2	64.0	62.4	1.2	2.8
Feb-21	60.5	62.0	60.4	59.1	1.6	2.9
Jan-21	53.6	54.6	54.2	52.1	0.4	2.5
Dec-20	48.7	49.9	49.3	47.1	0.6	2.8
Nov-20	42.3	43.2	42.6	41.1	0.7	2.1
Oct-20	39.9	40.5	39.7	39.5	0.8	0.9
Sep-20	40.6	41.1	41.1	39.6	0.0	1.5
Aug-20	43.4	44.3	43.7	42.4	0.6	1.9
Jul-20	42.1	42.8	42.6	40.8	0.2	2.1
Jun-20	39.5	39.9	40.1	38.3	-0.2	1.6
May-20	30.4	31.0	31.6	28.6	-0.5	2.5
Apr-20	21.0	23.3	23.3	16.5	0.1	6.8
Mar-20	32.2	33.0	33.8	29.9	-0.8	3.1
Feb-20	53.4	55.0	54.5	50.5	0.5	4.5
Jan-20	61.6	63.6	63.8	57.5	-0.2	6.1
Dec-19	63.4	65.9	64.4	59.8	1.4	6.1
Nov-19	60.4	62.7	61.4	57.1	1.3	5.7
Oct-19	57.3	59.4	58.5	54.0	0.9	5.4
Sep-19	60.0	62.3	60.8	57.0	1.5	5.4
Aug-19	57.7	59.3	58.9	54.8	0.3	4.4
Jul-19	61.5	64.0	62.9	57.5	1.1	6.5
Jun-19	59.8	63.3	61.3	54.7	2.0	8.6
May-19	66.8	70.5	69.1	60.8	1.4	9.7
Apr-19	68.6	71.2	70.7	63.9	0.5	7.3
Mar-19	63.8	66.4	66.8	58.2	-0.4	8.3
Feb-19	61.1	64.1	64.3	55.0	-0.2	9.2
Jan-19	56.6	59.3	59.0	51.5	0.3	7.8
Dec-18	54.0	56.5	56.5	49.0	0.0	7.5
Nov-18	62.3	65.2	65.1	56.7	0.1	8.5
Oct-18	76.7	80.5	79.0	70.8	1.5	9.7
Sep-18	75.4	78.9	77.0	70.2	1.8	8.7
Aug-18	71.1	73.1	72.1	68.0	1.0	5.1
Jul-18	72.7	74.4	72.7	70.8	1.7	3.6
Jun-18	72.0	75.2	73.2	67.5	2.0	7.7
May-18	73.4	76.7	73.7	70.0	3.0	6.7
Apr-18	68.8	71.6	68.4	66.3	3.2	5.3
Mar-18	64.2	66.5	63.3	62.8	3.2	3.7
Feb-18	63.5	65.4	62.8	62.2	2.6	3.3
Jan-18	66.2	69.0	66.0	63.7	3.0	5.3
Dec-17	61.2	64.2	61.4	57.9	2.8	6.3
Nov-17	59.9	62.6	60.6	56.7	2.0	5.9
Oct-17	54.9	57.6	55.6	51.6	2.0	6.1
Sep-17	53.0	55.2	53.9	49.8	1.3	5.3
Aug-17	49.9	51.4	50.4	48.0	0.9	3.3
Jul-17	47.7	48.7	47.6	46.7	1.1	2.0
Jun-17	46.2	46.9	46.4	45.2	0.5	1.7
May-17	49.9	50.9	50.3	48.5	0.6	2.4
Apr-17	52.2	53.0	52.5	51.1	0.5	1.9
Mar-17	50.9	52.0	51.2	49.6	0.8	2.4
Feb-17	54.4	55.5	54.2	53.4	1.3	2.1
Jan-17	53.6	54.9	53.4	52.5	1.5	2.4
Dec-16	52.6	54.1	51.8	52.0	2.3	2.1
Nov-16	45.3	46.4	43.8	45.6	2.7	0.9
Oct-16	49.3	49.7	48.3	49.9	1.5	-0.2
Sep-16	45.0	46.2	43.7	45.2	2.5	1.0
Aug-16	44.9	46.1	43.7	44.8	2.4	1.4
Jul-16	44.1	45.1	42.6	44.7	2.5	0.4
Jun-16	47.7	48.5	45.8	48.8	2.7	-0.3
May-16	45.9	47.1	44.0	46.7	3.2	0.4
Apr-16	40.8	42.3	39.0	41.0	3.2	1.3
Mar-16	37.3	39.1	35.2	37.8	3.9	1.3
Feb-16	31.0	33.2	29.5	30.4	3.7	2.8
Jan-16	29.8	30.8	27.0	31.5	3.8	-0.7
Dec-15	36.6	37.7	34.8	37.2	3.0	0.5
Nov-15	43.1	44.4	42.2	42.7	2.2	1.7
Oct-15	47.0	48.1	46.6	46.2	1.6	1.9
Sep-15	46.3	47.2	46.2	45.5	1.1	1.8
Aug-15	45.7	47.0	47.2	42.9	-0.2	4.1
Jul-15	54.3	55.9	56.3	50.9	-0.4	5.0
Jun-15	61.3	62.3	61.8	59.8	0.6	2.5
May-15	62.5	64.6	63.7	59.3	0.9	5.3
Apr-15	57.5	59.4	58.8	54.4	0.6	5.0
Mar-15	52.8	55.8	54.9	47.8	0.9	8.0
Feb-15	54.8	57.9	55.8	50.6	2.1	7.3
Jan-15	47.1	48.1	46.0	47.3	2.1	0.8
Dec-14	60.7	62.3	60.5	59.3	1.8	3.1
Nov-14	77.0	78.4	76.7	75.8	1.7	2.6
Oct-14	86.1	87.3	86.6	84.4	0.7	2.9
Sep-14	95.9	97.3	97.0	93.2	0.4	4.1
Aug-14	100.1	101.9	101.9	96.4	0.1	5.5
Jul-14	105.2	107.0	105.8	102.9	1.2	4.0
Jun-14	108.4	111.9	108.0	105.2	3.9	6.6
May-14	105.7	109.7	105.6	101.9	4.1	7.8
Apr-14	104.9	107.8	104.7	102.1	3.1	5.7
Mar-14	104.0	107.4	104.2	100.6	3.3	6.8
Feb-14	104.8	108.8	104.9	100.7	3.9	8.1
Jan-14	102.1	107.4	104.0	94.9	3.4	12.6
Dec-13	105.5	110.7	107.9	97.9	2.8	12.8
Nov-13	102.6	108.1	105.9	94.0	2.2	14.1
Oct-13	105.4	109.5	106.3	100.5	3.2	9.0
Sep-13	108.8	111.6	108.4	106.3	3.2	5.4
Aug-13	108.2	111.0	107.0	106.6	4.0	4.4
Jul-13	105.3	107.7	103.4	104.7	4.4	3.0
Jun-13	99.7	103.1	100.3	95.8	2.8	7.3
May-13	99.4	103.0	100.3	94.8	2.7	8.3
Apr-13	98.9	102.9	101.7	92.0	1.2	10.9
Mar-13	102.5	109.2	105.4	92.9	3.8	16.3
Feb-13	107.6	116.5	111.1	95.3	5.4	21.2
Jan-13	105.1	113.0	107.6	94.7	5.4	18.2
Dec-12	101.2	109.7	105.7	88.2	4.0	21.5
Nov-12	101.2	109.7	107.1	86.7	2.6	23.0
Oct-12	103.4	112.0	108.7	89.5	3.2	22.5
Sep-12	106.3	113.4	111.0	94.5	2.4	18.9
Aug-12	105.3	113.3	108.4	94.1	5.0	19.2
Jul-12	96.8	103.1	99.2	87.9	3.9	15.2
Jun-12	90.7	95.6	94.2	82.4	1.4	13.2
May-12	104.1	110.5	107.1	94.7	3.5	15.8
Apr-12	113.7	120.5	117.3	103.3	3.2	17.2
Mar-12	117.8	124.9	122.3	106.2	2.7	18.8
Feb-12	112.7	119.7	116.2	102.2	3.6	17.5
Jan-12	107.1	111.2	109.8	100.3	1.4	10.9
Dec-11	104.2	107.9	106.2	98.6	1.7	9.4
Nov-11	105.4	110.5	108.6	97.1	1.9	13.4
Oct-11	99.9	109.5	103.7	86.4	5.8	23.1
Sep-11	100.8	110.9	106.0	85.6	4.9	25.3
Aug-11	100.5	110.1	105.1	86.3	5.0	23.8
Jul-11	107.9	116.5	110.0	97.3	6.5	19.2
Jun-11	105.9	113.8	107.5	96.3	6.2	17.5
May-11	108.1	114.5	108.5	101.3	6.0	13.2
Apr-11	116.2	123.1	115.7	110.0	7.4	13.1
Mar-11	108.7	114.4	108.6	102.9	5.9	11.5
Feb-11	97.9	104.0	100.3	89.5	3.7	14.4
Jan-11	92.7	96.3	92.4	89.4	3.9	6.9
Dec-10	90.0	91.8	89.1	89.2	2.7	2.7
Nov-10	84.5	85.7	83.7	84.2	2.0	1.4
Oct-10	81.7	82.9	80.3	81.9	2.6	1.0
Sep-10	76.1	77.8	75.3	75.3	2.5	2.5
Aug-10	75.8	76.7	74.2	76.6	2.5	0.1
Jul-10	74.6	74.7	72.7	76.4	2.1	-1.6
Jun-10	74.7	74.8	74.0	75.4	0.9	-0.5
May-10	75.6	76.3	76.9	73.7	-0.6	2.5
Apr-10	84.2	85.0	83.1	84.5	1.9	0.5
Mar-10	79.3	79.3	77.4	81.3	1.9	-2.0
Feb-10	74.8	74.3	73.6	76.4	0.8	-2.1
Jan-10	77.1	76.4	76.6	78.4	-0.3	-2.0
Dec-09	74.9	74.7	75.5	74.5	-0.8	0.2
Nov-09	77.6	77.0	77.6	78.0	-0.6	-1.0
Oct-09	74.1	73.2	73.3	75.8	-0.1	-2.6
Sep-09	68.4	67.7	67.9	69.4	-0.2	-1.8
Aug-09	71.6	72.5	71.3	71.1	1.2	1.4
Jul-09	64.7	64.9	65.0	64.1	-0.1	0.8
Jun-09	69.2	68.6	69.2	69.6	-0.6	-1.0
May-09	58.2	57.9	57.4	59.1	0.5	-1.2
Apr-09	50.3	50.9	50.2	49.8	0.7	1.0
Mar-09	46.7	46.8	45.6	47.5	1.3	-0.7
Feb-09	41.8	43.2	43.1	39.2	0.1	4.1
Jan-09	43.9	44.9	45.0	41.7	-0.1	3.1
Dec-08	41.3	41.6	41.0	41.4	0.6	0.1
Nov-08	54.0	53.2	51.4	57.3	1.9	-4.1
Oct-08	72.7	72.8	68.6	76.6	4.2	-3.8
Sep-08	99.7	99.1	96.0	103.9	3.1	-4.9
Aug-08	114.6	113.9	113.2	116.6	0.6	-2.8
Jul-08	132.8	133.9	131.2	133.4	2.7	0.5
Jun-08	131.5	133.1	127.6	133.9	5.5	-0.9
May-08	122.6	123.9	119.0	125.0	5.0	-1.1
Apr-08	108.8	110.2	103.5	112.6	6.7	-2.4
Mar-08	101.8	103.3	96.8	105.5	6.5	-2.2
Feb-08	93.4	94.8	90.0	95.4	4.9	-0.6
Jan-08	90.7	91.9	87.2	93.0	4.8	-1.1
Dec-07	89.5	91.5	85.8	91.4	5.7	0.1
Nov-07	91.3	92.5	86.7	94.8	5.8	-2.2
Oct-07	82.0	82.9	77.1	85.9	5.7	-3.0
Sep-07	76.8	77.1	73.3	79.9	3.9	-2.8
Aug-07	70.1	70.8	67.2	72.4	3.6	-1.6
Jul-07	73.6	77.2	69.5	74.1	7.7	3.1
Jun-07	68.2	71.3	65.8	67.5	5.6	3.8
May-07	65.2	67.5	64.5	63.5	2.9	4.0
Apr-07	65.1	67.4	63.8	63.9	3.6	3.5
Mar-07	60.6	62.1	59.1	60.6	3.1	1.5
Feb-07	57.6	57.8	55.7	59.3	2.1	-1.5
Jan-07	53.5	54.3	52.0	54.2	2.3	0.1
Dec-06	61.0	62.3	58.7	62.0	3.6	0.3
Nov-06	58.1	58.5	56.8	59.1	1.7	-0.7
Oct-06	57.9	58.4	56.5	58.9	1.9	-0.5
Sep-06	62.1	62.8	59.8	63.8	3.0	-1.1
Aug-06	71.8	73.6	68.8	73.0	4.8	0.6
Jul-06	72.5	73.9	69.1	74.4	4.9	-0.5
Jun-06	68.3	68.9	65.1	70.9	3.8	-2.1
May-06	68.7	70.2	64.9	70.9	5.3	-0.7
Apr-06	68.0	70.4	64.1	69.4	6.4	1.0
Mar-06	60.9	62.3	57.7	62.9	4.6	-0.6
Feb-06	59.7	59.9	57.6	61.6	2.3	-1.7
Jan-06	62.5	63.6	58.3	65.5	5.3	-1.9
Dec-05	56.4	56.8	53.1	59.4	3.6	-2.7
Nov-05	55.0	55.5	51.3	58.3	4.2	-2.7
Oct-05	58.2	58.5	53.7	62.4	4.9	-3.8
Sep-05	61.7	63.0	56.5	65.5	6.4	-2.6
Aug-05	61.9	64.1	56.6	65.0	7.5	-0.9
Jul-05	56.4	57.6	52.9	58.7	4.7	-1.1
Jun-05	53.9	54.3	51.0	56.4	3.3	-2.1
May-05	47.8	48.7	45.0	49.8	3.7	-1.1
Apr-05	50.6	51.9	47.1	53.0	4.8	-1.1
Mar-05	50.9	53.1	45.6	54.2	7.5	-1.1
Feb-05	44.8	45.6	40.9	48.0	4.6	-2.4
Jan-05	43.0	44.3	37.8	46.8	6.5	-2.5
Dec-04	39.0	39.6	34.3	43.2	5.4	-3.6
Nov-04	42.1	43.1	34.9	48.5	8.2	-5.4
Oct-04	46.9	49.8	37.6	53.3	12.2	-3.4
Sep-04	41.6	43.4	35.5	45.9	7.9	-2.6
Aug-04	42.1	43.0	38.3	44.9	4.7	-1.9
Jul-04	37.9	38.4	34.5	40.8	3.9	-2.5
Jun-04	35.5	35.2	33.4	38.0	1.8	-2.8
May-04	37.6	37.9	34.5	40.3	3.5	-2.4
Apr-04	33.7	33.4	31.1	36.7	2.3	-3.4
Mar-04	33.7	33.8	30.5	36.7	3.3	-2.9
Feb-04	31.3	30.9	28.4	34.7	2.5	-3.9
Jan-04	31.4	31.2	28.7	34.2	2.5	-3.1
Dec-03	30.0	29.9	27.9	32.1	2.1	-2.2
Nov-03	29.1	28.8	27.5	31.1	1.3	-2.3
Oct-03	29.0	29.6	27.1	30.3	2.5	-0.7
Sep-03	26.9	27.1	25.3	28.3	1.8	-1.2
Aug-03	29.7	29.8	27.6	31.6	2.2	-1.8
Jul-03	28.6	28.4	26.6	30.8	1.8	-2.4
Jun-03	27.9	27.6	25.5	30.7	2.1	-3.2
May-03	26.1	25.8	24.3	28.1	1.6	-2.3
Apr-03	25.6	25.0	23.4	28.2	1.6	-3.2
Mar-03	30.4	30.3	27.4	33.3	2.9	-3.0
Feb-03	32.9	32.7	30.2	35.8	2.5	-3.2
Jan-03	30.8	31.3	28.1	33.0	3.2	-1.7
Dec-02	27.9	28.5	25.7	29.4	2.8	-0.9
Nov-02	24.5	24.2	23.2	26.3	1.0	-2.1
Oct-02	27.5	27.6	26.2	28.9	1.4	-1.3
Sep-02	28.3	28.3	26.8	29.7	1.5	-1.3
Aug-02	26.8	26.6	25.3	28.4	1.3	-1.7
Jul-02	25.8	25.8	24.6	26.9	1.2	-1.2
Jun-02	24.5	24.1	23.8	25.5	0.3	-1.4
May-02	25.7	25.4	24.6	27.0	0.8	-1.7
Apr-02	25.4	25.7	24.4	26.2	1.2	-0.6
Mar-02	23.6	23.7	22.9	24.4	0.8	-0.7
Feb-02	20.0	20.3	18.9	20.7	1.4	-0.4
Jan-02	19.2	19.5	18.3	19.7	1.2	-0.2
Dec-01	18.5	18.6	17.6	19.3	1.0	-0.7
Nov-01	18.7	18.9	17.5	19.6	1.4	-0.7
Oct-01	20.7	20.5	19.5	22.2	0.9	-1.7
Sep-01	25.2	25.5	24.0	26.1	1.6	-0.6
Aug-01	25.8	25.7	24.3	27.5	1.4	-1.8
Jul-01	24.8	24.5	23.4	26.4	1.1	-1.9
Jun-01	27.0	27.7	25.6	27.6	2.1	0.2
May-01	27.6	28.5	25.6	28.6	2.9	-0.2
Apr-01	25.7	25.6	24.1	27.4	1.6	-1.8
Mar-01	25.0	24.4	23.4	27.2	1.0	-2.8
Feb-01	27.2	27.4	24.7	29.6	2.7	-2.2
Jan-01	26.0	25.6	22.7	29.6	3.0	-3.9
Dec-00	25.2	25.1	22.1	28.4	3.0	-3.3
Nov-00	32.3	32.5	30.1	34.4	2.4	-1.9
Oct-00	31.4	30.9	30.2	33.1	0.7	-2.1
Sep-00	32.1	32.6	29.7	33.9	2.9	-1.3
Aug-00	29.3	29.4	27.1	31.3	2.4	-1.9
Jul-00	28.2	28.5	26.0	30.0	2.5	-1.4
Jun-00	29.6	29.7	27.3	31.9	2.4	-2.2
May-00	27.2	27.3	25.4	28.8	2.0	-1.5
Apr-00	23.5	22.5	22.0	25.8	0.5	-3.3
Mar-00	27.5	27.5	25.1	29.9	2.4	-2.5
Feb-00	27.2	27.7	24.7	29.3	3.0	-1.6
Jan-00	25.3	25.4	23.3	27.3	2.1	-1.9
Dec-99	25.1	25.6	23.6	26.1	2.0	-0.5
Nov-99	24.2	24.6	23.1	24.9	1.5	-0.3
Oct-99	22.0	22.0	21.3	22.6	0.7	-0.7
Sep-99	22.7	22.4	21.8	23.9	0.6	-1.5
Aug-99	20.3	20.2	19.3	21.3	0.9	-1.0
Jul-99	19.0	19.0	17.9	20.1	1.1	-1.1
Jun-99	16.4	15.8	15.5	17.9	0.3	-2.1
May-99	16.1	15.1	15.3	17.8	-0.2	-2.6
Apr-99	15.9	15.3	15.0	17.3	0.3	-2.0
Mar-99	13.2	12.5	12.4	14.7	0.1	-2.2
Feb-99	10.8	10.2	10.1	12.0	0.2	-1.8
Jan-99	11.4	11.1	10.8	12.5	0.3	-1.4
Dec-98	10.4	9.8	10.1	11.3	-0.3	-1.5
Nov-98	11.9	10.9	11.8	13.0	-0.8	-2.0
Oct-98	13.3	12.6	12.8	14.4	-0.3	-1.9
Sep-98	13.8	13.4	13.1	15.0	0.3	-1.6
Aug-98	12.5	11.9	12.2	13.4	-0.3	-1.5
Jul-98	12.7	12.0	12.0	14.1	0.0	-2.1
Jun-98	12.5	12.1	11.7	13.7	0.4	-1.7
May-98	14.0	14.4	12.8	14.9	1.6	-0.5
Apr-98	13.5	13.4	11.8	15.3	1.6	-1.9
Mar-98	13.1	13.1	11.5	14.8	1.6	-1.7
Feb-98	14.1	14.1	12.4	15.8	1.6	-1.8
Jan-98	15.0	15.1	13.4	16.5	1.7	-1.4
Dec-97	17.1	17.0	16.2	18.1	0.8	-1.1
Nov-97	19.1	19.0	18.4	19.9	0.6	-0.9
Oct-97	20.0	19.9	19.1	21.2	0.8	-1.4
Sep-97	18.7	18.5	18.0	19.6	0.5	-1.1
Aug-97	18.7	18.7	17.8	19.6	0.9	-0.9
Jul-97	18.3	18.4	17.3	19.3	1.1	-0.9
Jun-97	17.9	17.6	17.3	18.9	0.2	-1.3
May-97	19.4	19.1	18.5	20.5	0.7	-1.4
Apr-97	17.9	17.5	16.8	19.4	0.7	-1.9
Mar-97	19.3	19.2	18.1	20.7	1.1	-1.5
Feb-97	20.4	20.8	18.6	21.8	2.2	-1.0
Jan-97	23.2	23.5	21.3	24.9	2.2	-1.5
Dec-96	23.6	23.9	21.7	25.3	2.3	-1.4
Nov-96	22.4	22.6	20.9	23.7	1.8	-1.0
Oct-96	23.6	24.2	21.7	24.9	2.5	-0.8
Sep-96	22.3	22.6	20.3	23.9	2.3	-1.3
Aug-96	20.4	20.6	18.8	22.0	1.8	-1.4
Jul-96	19.6	19.6	17.8	21.4	1.8	-1.8
Jun-96	18.5	18.3	17.0	20.3	1.3	-2.0
May-96	19.1	19.1	17.0	21.1	2.1	-2.0
Apr-96	20.7	21.0	17.8	23.2	3.2	-2.2
Mar-96	19.4	20.0	17.1	21.2	2.9	-1.2
Feb-96	17.7	18.0	16.1	19.1	1.9	-1.1
Jan-96	17.8	17.9	16.6	18.9	1.4	-1.0
Dec-95	17.9	18.0	16.8	18.8	1.2	-0.9
Nov-95	16.7	16.9	15.6	17.8	1.3	-0.9
Oct-95	16.1	16.1	14.9	17.3	1.2	-1.2
Sep-95	16.8	16.8	15.7	18.0	1.1	-1.3
Aug-95	16.5	16.1	15.4	18.0	0.7	-1.9
Jul-95	16.1	15.9	15.0	17.4	0.9	-1.6
Jun-95	17.4	17.4	16.2	18.5	1.1	-1.2
May-95	18.4	18.4	17.3	19.6	1.1	-1.3
Apr-95	18.7	18.7	17.4	19.9	1.3	-1.2
Mar-95	17.4	17.0	16.5	18.5	0.5	-1.5
Feb-95	17.4	17.1	16.6	18.5	0.4	-1.5
Jan-95	16.9	16.6	16.1	18.0	0.6	-1.4
Dec-94	15.9	16.0	14.7	17.2	1.3	-1.2
Nov-94	17.1	17.2	16.0	18.1	1.3	-0.9
Oct-94	16.5	16.4	15.4	17.7	1.1	-1.3
Sep-94	16.2	15.9	15.3	17.5	0.7	-1.6
Aug-94	17.0	16.8	15.9	18.4	1.0	-1.6
Jul-94	17.9	17.6	16.4	19.7	1.2	-2.1
Jun-94	17.2	16.8	15.7	19.1	1.1	-2.3
May-94	16.3	16.2	14.8	17.9	1.4	-1.7
Apr-94	15.1	15.2	13.8	16.3	1.4	-1.2
Mar-94	13.6	14.0	12.3	14.7	1.7	-0.7
Feb-94	13.8	13.8	12.8	14.8	1.0	-1.0
Jan-94	14.1	14.3	13.2	15.0	1.1	-0.8
Dec-93	13.8	13.6	12.2	15.6	1.5	-2.0
Nov-93	15.2	15.2	13.7	16.8	1.5	-1.6
Oct-93	16.5	16.6	14.8	18.2	1.8	-1.6
Sep-93	15.9	16.0	14.2	17.5	1.8	-1.5
Aug-93	16.5	16.7	14.8	18.0	2.0	-1.3
Jul-93	16.3	16.8	14.3	17.9	2.6	-1.1
Jun-93	17.5	17.7	15.6	19.2	2.1	-1.5
May-93	18.2	18.5	16.0	20.0	2.5	-1.5
Apr-93	18.4	18.7	16.4	20.3	2.3	-1.7
Mar-93	18.5	18.8	16.3	20.4	2.5	-1.6
Feb-93	18.2	18.5	16.0	20.1	2.5	-1.6
Jan-93	17.2	17.4	15.2	19.1	2.2	-1.7
Dec-92	17.9	18.2	16.3	19.4	1.9	-1.3
Nov-92	18.9	19.2	17.1	20.4	2.1	-1.2
Oct-92	20.1	20.3	18.3	21.7	2.1	-1.4
Sep-92	20.2	20.3	18.3	21.9	2.0	-1.7
Aug-92	19.6	19.8	17.8	21.3	2.0	-1.6
Jul-92	20.2	20.3	18.5	21.8	1.8	-1.5
Jun-92	20.8	21.2	19.0	22.4	2.2	-1.2
May-92	19.5	19.9	17.6	21.0	2.3	-1.1
Apr-92	18.6	19.0	16.7	20.3	2.3	-1.3
Mar-92	17.5	17.6	15.8	19.0	1.8	-1.4
Feb-92	17.6	18.1	15.8	19.0	2.4	-0.9
Jan-92	17.4	18.2	15.2	18.8	3.0	-0.7
Dec-91	17.8	18.4	15.3	19.6	3.1	-1.2
Nov-91	20.8	21.3	18.5	22.6	2.8	-1.4
Oct-91	21.5	22.2	19.0	23.3	3.3	-1.1
Sep-91	20.1	20.5	17.8	21.9	2.7	-1.4
Aug-91	19.4	19.8	16.7	21.7	3.1	-2.0
Jul-91	19.1	19.5	16.3	21.5	3.2	-2.0
Jun-91	17.9	18.2	15.4	20.2	2.8	-2.0
May-91	18.8	19.3	15.9	21.3	3.4	-2.0
Apr-91	18.5	19.3	15.4	20.8	3.9	-1.6
Mar-91	18.1	19.5	14.9	19.9	4.6	-0.5
Feb-91	18.1	19.4	14.5	20.6	5.0	-1.2
Jan-91	22.6	23.7	19.4	24.7	4.3	-1.1
Dec-90	26.1	28.0	23.3	27.2	4.8	0.9
Nov-90	31.1	33.0	28.0	32.3	5.1	0.7
Oct-90	34.5	36.1	31.6	35.9	4.5	0.2
Sep-90	32.7	34.1	30.3	33.7	3.8	0.4
Aug-90	26.4	27.1	25.0	27.2	2.1	-0.1
Jul-90	17.2	17.6	15.3	18.7	2.3	-1.1
Jun-90	15.3	15.7	13.3	16.9	2.5	-1.2
May-90	16.6	16.7	14.6	18.5	2.1	-1.8
Apr-90	16.6	16.8	14.3	18.6	2.5	-1.9
Mar-90	18.2	18.5	15.8	20.4	2.7	-2.0
Feb-90	19.6	19.9	16.8	22.1	3.1	-2.2
Jan-90	20.4	21.0	17.5	22.7	3.5	-1.7
Dec-89	19.4	19.9	17.1	21.1	2.8	-1.3
Nov-89	18.4	19.2	16.2	19.8	3.0	-0.7
Oct-89	18.4	19.0	16.2	20.1	2.9	-1.1
Sep-89	17.7	17.8	15.6	19.6	2.2	-1.8
Aug-89	16.9	17.1	15.0	18.6	2.1	-1.5
Jul-89	17.7	17.8	15.5	19.8	2.3	-2.0
Jun-89	17.6	17.5	15.4	20.0	2.1	-2.5
May-89	18.0	18.4	15.7	20.1	2.7	-1.7
Apr-89	19.2	19.8	16.9	21.0	2.9	-1.2
Mar-89	18.0	18.7	16.0	19.5	2.8	-0.8
Feb-89	16.4	16.7	14.6	17.8	2.1	-1.2
Jan-89	16.5	17.0	14.5	18.0	2.6	-1.0
Dec-88	14.7	15.2	12.5	16.3	2.7	-1.2
Nov-88	12.5	13.0	10.6	14.0	2.4	-1.0
Oct-88	12.2	12.5	10.3	13.8	2.2	-1.4
Sep-88	13.1	13.3	11.6	14.5	1.8	-1.2
Aug-88	14.6	15.0	13.2	15.6	1.8	-0.6
Jul-88	14.5	14.9	13.1	15.5	1.9	-0.6
Jun-88	15.3	15.6	13.8	16.7	1.8	-1.1
May-88	16.2	16.4	14.9	17.4	1.6	-1.0
Apr-88	16.5	16.6	15.0	17.9	1.7	-1.3
Mar-88	14.8	14.8	13.4	16.2	1.4	-1.5
Feb-88	15.9	15.8	15.1	16.8	0.7	-1.0
Jan-88	16.5	16.9	15.4	17.2	1.5	-0.3
Dec-87	16.6	17.1	15.5	17.3	1.6	-0.2
Nov-87	17.8	17.8	16.6	18.9	1.2	-1.1
Oct-87	18.6	18.8	17.1	19.9	1.8	-1.1
Sep-87	18.3	18.4	17.0	19.5	1.4	-1.2
Aug-87	18.8	19.0	17.3	20.2	1.7	-1.3
Jul-87	19.6	19.8	17.8	21.3	2.1	-1.5
Jun-87	18.7	18.9	17.3	20.1	1.6	-1.2
May-87	18.4	18.8	17.1	19.4	1.7	-0.7
Apr-87	17.9	18.1	17.0	18.7	1.2	-0.6
Mar-87	17.8	17.9	16.9	18.5	1.0	-0.6
Feb-87	17.3	17.3	16.7	17.8	0.6	-0.5
Jan-87	18.1	18.4	17.2	18.6	1.2	-0.2
Dec-86	15.7	15.9	14.9	16.3	1.0	-0.4
Nov-86	14.5	14.6	13.6	15.3	1.0	-0.7
Oct-86	14.0	13.8	13.2	14.9	0.7	-1.1
Sep-86	14.1	14.2	13.1	15.0	1.1	-0.8
Aug-86	13.7	13.7	12.2	15.3	1.5	-1.7
Jul-86	9.6	9.5	7.9	11.6	1.6	-2.1
Jun-86	11.9	11.9	10.2	13.5	1.7	-1.7
May-86	13.7	14.2	11.5	15.5	2.7	-1.3
Apr-86	11.9	12.5	10.3	12.9	2.2	-0.4
Mar-86	12.7	13.9	11.5	12.7	2.4	1.2
Feb-86	15.9	17.6	14.8	15.4	2.8	2.2
Jan-86	24.7	25.8	25.4	22.9	0.4	2.9
Dec-85	26.5	25.9	26.3	27.4	-0.5	-1.5
Nov-85	28.6	29.1	26.9	29.9	2.2	-0.8
Oct-85	27.8	27.9	26.7	28.9	1.2	-1.0
Sep-85	27.0	27.2	26.2	27.7	1.0	-0.5
Aug-85	27.0	27.2	26.3	27.6	0.9	-0.5
Jul-85	26.4	26.6	25.7	26.9	0.9	-0.3
Jun-85	26.4	26.5	25.5	27.2	1.0	-0.8
May-85	26.7	26.7	25.7	27.7	1.0	-1.0
Apr-85	27.8	27.9	26.7	28.9	1.3	-1.0
Mar-85	27.9	28.1	27.2	28.3	1.0	-0.2
Feb-85	27.6	28.2	27.3	27.4	1.0	0.9
Jan-85	26.6	27.0	27.3	25.7	-0.4	1.3
Dec-84	26.8	27.0	26.8	26.7	0.2	0.3
Nov-84	27.7	27.7	27.1	28.2	0.6	-0.5
Oct-84	27.9	27.8	27.1	28.6	0.7	-0.8
Sep-84	28.4	28.4	27.4	29.3	1.0	-0.9
Aug-84	28.2	28.1	27.2	29.2	0.9	-1.1
Jul-84	28.0	27.9	27.3	28.8	0.7	-0.9
Jun-84	29.1	29.2	27.9	30.0	1.3	-0.8
May-84	29.5	29.9	28.0	30.5	1.9	-0.6
Apr-84	29.6	30.1	28.0	30.6	2.2	-0.5
Mar-84	29.5	30.1	27.8	30.7	2.3	-0.7
Feb-84	29.2	29.9	27.7	30.1	2.2	-0.2
Jan-84	29.0	29.6	27.7	29.8	1.8	-0.3
Dec-83	28.8	29.0	28.3	29.2	0.7	-0.3
Nov-83	29.2	29.2	28.3	30.0	0.9	-0.8
Oct-83	29.6	29.9	28.6	30.4	1.3	-0.6
Sep-83	30.1	30.4	28.6	31.3	1.8	-0.9
Aug-83	30.7	31.1	28.9	32.0	2.2	-0.9
Jul-83	30.5	30.8	29.0	31.6	1.8	-0.8
Jun-83	30.0	30.2	28.8	31.0	1.5	-0.8
May-83	29.4	29.6	28.5	30.0	1.1	-0.4
Apr-83	29.7	29.8	28.7	30.6	1.1	-0.9
Mar-83	28.3	28.2	28.1	28.7	0.1	-0.5
Feb-83	29.1	29.1	29.0	29.2	0.1	-0.1
Jan-83	30.7	30.9	30.1	31.1	0.8	-0.2
Dec-82	31.5	31.8	30.1	32.6	1.7	-0.8
Nov-82	32.9	33.8	31.8	33.0	2.1	0.8
Oct-82	33.8	35.0	33.4	33.0	1.6	2.1
Sep-82	33.5	34.3	33.1	33.1	1.2	1.2
Aug-82	32.4	32.9	31.2	33.2	1.7	-0.4
Jul-82	32.9	33.7	31.7	33.4	2.0	0.4
Jun-82	32.8	34.6	32.7	31.1	2.0	3.6
May-82	33.0	35.2	33.4	30.6	1.8	4.6
Apr-82	31.6	33.1	30.9	30.7	2.2	2.4
Mar-82	30.2	29.3	28.6	32.6	0.7	-3.3
Feb-82	32.3	31.6	30.4	34.8	1.2	-3.2
Jan-82	35.1	35.9	34.0	35.3	1.9	0.6
Dec-81	35.4	36.7	34.1		2.6
Nov-81	35.7	37.1	34.2		2.9
Oct-81	34.6	36.5	32.7		3.9
Sep-81	34.0	35.9	32.1		3.9
Aug-81	34.0	35.8	32.2		3.6
Jul-81	33.5	35.1	32.0		3.1
Jun-81	32.7	33.3	32.2		1.1
May-81	34.3	35.2	33.4		1.8
Apr-81	36.4	37.2	35.6		1.6
Mar-81	37.6	38.4	36.9		1.5
Feb-81	37.9	38.7	37.1		1.6
Jan-81	39.8	40.3	39.3		1.1
Dec-80	39.8	40.2	39.4		0.8
Nov-80	40.3	40.9	39.8		1.1
Oct-80	37.4	37.9	36.8		1.1
Sep-80	32.8	33.4	32.3		1.2
Aug-80	33.0	33.6	32.3		1.3
Jul-80	35.4	37.4	33.4		4.1
Jun-80	37.0	38.0	36.0		2.0
May-80	37.1	38.5	35.6		2.9
Apr-80	36.6	38.2	35.0		3.2
Mar-80	37.0	38.3	35.8		2.5
Feb-80	37.3	38.5	36.0		2.5
Jan-80	39.0	40.0	38.0		2.0
Dec-79	39.8	40.5	39.0		1.5
Nov-79	40.8	42.0	39.5		2.5
Oct-79	37.3	38.5	36.0		2.5
Sep-79	35.5	36.5	34.5		2.0
Aug-79	34.0	35.8	32.3		3.5
Jul-79	33.5	35.0	32.0		3.0
Jun-79	34.7	36.5	32.9		3.7
May-79	33.5	32.8	34.3		-1.5
Apr-79	22.4	23.7	21.2		2.5
Mar-79	22.0	23.3	20.8		2.5
Feb-79	20.8	22.0	19.5		2.5
Jan-79	17.5	19.0	16.0		3.0
Dec-78	14.5	14.5	14.5		0.0
Nov-78	13.2	13.2	13.2		0.0
Oct-78	12.9	12.9	12.9		0.0
Sep-78	12.8	12.8	12.8		0.0
Aug-78	12.8	12.8	12.8		0.0
Jul-78	12.8	12.8	12.8		0.0
Jun-78	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
May-78	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Apr-78	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Mar-78	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Feb-78	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Jan-78	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Dec-77	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Nov-77	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Oct-77	12.7	12.7	12.7		0.0
Sep-77	12.6	12.6	12.6		0.0
Aug-77	12.6	12.6	12.6		0.0
Jul-77	12.6	12.6	12.6		0.0
Jun-77	12.5	12.5	12.5		0.0
May-77	12.5	12.5	12.5		0.0
Apr-77	12.5	12.5	12.5		0.0
Mar-77	12.5	12.5	12.5		0.0
Feb-77	12.5	12.5	12.5		0.0
Jan-77	12.5	12.5	12.5		0.0
Dec-76	11.9	11.9	11.9		0.0
Nov-76	11.9	11.9	11.9		0.0
Oct-76	11.9	11.9	11.9		0.0
Sep-76	11.6	11.6	11.6		0.0
Aug-76	11.6	11.6	11.6		0.0
Jul-76	11.6	11.6	11.6		0.0
Jun-76	11.5	11.5	11.5		0.0
May-76	11.5	11.5	11.5		0.0
Apr-76	11.5	11.5	11.5		0.0
Mar-76	11.5	11.5	11.5		0.0
Feb-76	11.5	11.5	11.5		0.0
Jan-76	11.5	11.5	11.5		0.0
Dec-75	10.5	10.5	10.5		0.0
Nov-75	10.5	10.5	10.5		0.0
Oct-75	10.5	10.5	10.5		0.0
Sep-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Aug-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Jul-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Jun-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
May-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Apr-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Mar-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Feb-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Jan-75	10.4	10.4	10.4		0.0
Dec-74	10.3	10.3	10.3		0.0
Nov-74	10.3	10.3	10.3		0.0
Oct-74	10.3	10.3	10.3		0.0
Sep-74	10.0	10.0	10.0		0.0
Aug-74	10.0	10.0	10.0		0.0
Jul-74	10.0	10.0	10.0		0.0
Jun-74	10.6	10.6	10.6		0.0
May-74	10.6	10.6	10.6		0.0
Apr-74	10.6	10.6	10.6		0.0
Mar-74	13.0	13.0	13.0		0.0
Feb-74	13.0	13.0	13.0		0.0
Jan-74	13.0	13.0	13.0		0.0
Dec-73	4.1	4.1	4.1		0.0
Nov-73	4.1	4.1	4.1		0.0
Oct-73	4.1	4.1	4.1		0.0
Sep-73	2.7	2.7	2.7		0.0
Aug-73	2.7	2.7	2.7		0.0
Jul-73	2.7	2.7	2.7		0.0
Jun-73	2.4	2.4	2.4		0.0
May-73	2.4	2.4	2.4		0.0
Apr-73	2.4	2.4	2.4		0.0
Mar-73	2.1	2.1	2.1		0.0
Feb-73	2.1	2.1	2.1		0.0
Jan-73	2.1	2.1	2.1		0.0
Dec-72	1.9	1.9	1.9		0.0
Nov-72	1.9	1.9	1.9		0.0
Oct-72	1.9	1.9	1.9		0.0
Sep-72	1.9	1.9	1.9		0.0
Aug-72	1.9	1.9	1.9		0.0
Jul-72	1.9	1.9	1.9		0.0
Jun-72	1.8	1.8	1.8		0.0
May-72	1.8	1.8	1.8		0.0
Apr-72	1.8	1.8	1.8		0.0
Mar-72	1.8	1.8	1.8		0.0
Feb-72	1.8	1.8	1.8		0.0
Jan-72	1.8	1.8	1.8		0.0
Dec-71	1.7	1.7	1.7		0.0
Nov-71	1.7	1.7	1.7		0.0
Oct-71	1.7	1.7	1.7		0.0
Sep-71	1.7	1.7	1.7		0.0
Aug-71	1.7	1.7	1.7		0.0
Jul-71	1.7	1.7	1.7		0.0
Jun-71	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
May-71	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Apr-71	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Mar-71	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Feb-71	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jan-71	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Dec-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Nov-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Oct-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Sep-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Aug-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Jul-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Jun-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
May-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Apr-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Mar-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Feb-70	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
1970-01-01	1.2	1.2	1.2		0.0
Dec-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Nov-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Oct-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Sep-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Aug-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jul-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jun-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
May-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Apr-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Mar-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Feb-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jan-69	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Dec-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Nov-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Oct-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Sep-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Aug-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jul-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jun-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
May-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Apr-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Mar-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Feb-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jan-68	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Dec-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Nov-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Oct-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Sep-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Aug-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jul-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jun-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
May-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Apr-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Mar-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Feb-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Jan-67	1.3	1.3	1.3		0.0
Dec-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Nov-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Oct-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Sep-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Aug-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Jul-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Jun-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
May-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Apr-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Mar-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Feb-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Jan-66	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Dec-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Nov-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Oct-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Sep-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Aug-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Jul-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Jun-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
May-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Apr-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Mar-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Feb-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Jan-65	1.4	1.4	1.4		0.0
Dec-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Nov-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Oct-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Sep-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Aug-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jul-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jun-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
May-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Apr-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Mar-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Feb-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jan-64	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Dec-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Nov-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Oct-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Sep-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Aug-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jul-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jun-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
May-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Apr-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Mar-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Feb-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jan-63	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Dec-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Nov-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Oct-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Sep-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Aug-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jul-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jun-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
May-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Apr-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Mar-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Feb-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Jan-62	1.5	1.5	1.5		0.0
Dec-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Nov-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Oct-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Sep-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Aug-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jul-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jun-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
May-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Apr-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Mar-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Feb-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jan-61	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Dec-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Nov-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Oct-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Sep-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Aug-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jul-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jun-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
May-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Apr-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Mar-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Feb-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0
Jan-60	1.6	1.6	1.6		0.0

View the trends graphically

Analytical Observations

Despite long-term averages appearing stable, crude oil prices experience large month-to-month swings during periods of stress.
The most severe volatility in outright crude prices occurred during the 2008–09 financial crisis, while Brent–WTI volatility peaked later, reflecting US shale-era infrastructure constraints.
Since 2020, prices have remained structurally higher than pre-shale levels, with volatility elevated but below crisis extremes.

Methodology

All calculations are based on monthly price data from January 1982 onward. Statistics include long-term averages, rolling volatility measures, regime-wise analysis, and extreme monthly price movements. Spreads are analysed separately from outright prices to avoid distortion.

Readers interested in a deeper analytical perspective may refer to analytical notes on crude oil prices.