Karandikars & Associates

India in Global Context

Primary Energy

If one visits https://www.iea.org/world/energy-mix, it starts with definition of Total energy supply (TES), also referred by many as Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES):

Total energy supply (TES) includes all the energy produced in or imported to a country, minus that which is exported or stored. It represents all the energy required to supply end users in the country. Some of these energy sources are used directly while most are transformed into fuels or electricity for final consumption

As per IEA, Total energy supply in World in 2023 was 633,682,434 TJ (terajoules or trillion joules), a 52% increase from 2000

Sourcewise Energy Supply was as captured in the Figure below. Not all values are visible in the figure, hence reproduced from csv data source as: Coal and Coal products account for 27.8% of supply, Oil and Oil products 30.2%, Natural Gas 22.7%, Biofuels and waste 8.8%, Hydropower 2.4%, Nuclear 4.7% and Solar/wind/other renewables 3.3%

Energy supply per capita: The per-capita energy supply is a function of economic development as well as the structure of the economy – countries whose economies are largely services-based will use less energy per capita than comparable countries whose economies are focused on heavy industries like iron and steel or pulp and paper

Energy supply per capita in World in 2023 was 78,628.1 MJ / Capita (megajoules / person)

We did a quick validation of this per capita number as follows:

For converting TJ to MJ, we need to multiply by 10^6, and since world population is in billion (8.06 billion in 2023), we have to multiply the population by 10^9
Hence per capita energy supply = (633,682,434*10^6)/ (8.06*10^9) = 78,628.1 MJ / Capita

IEA explains Energy Transformation as: Energy sources, particularly fossil fuels, are often transformed into more useful or practical forms before being used. For example, crude oil is refined into many different kinds of fuels and products, while coal, oil and natural gas can be burned to generate electricity and heat

It then defines Final energy consumption:

Total final consumption (TFC) is the energy consumed by end users such as individuals and businesses to heat and cool buildings, to run lights, devices, and appliances, and to power vehicles, machines and factories. It also includes non-energy uses of energy products, such as fossil fuels used to make chemicals
Some of the energy found in primary sources is lost when converting them to useable final products, especially electricity. As a result, the breakdown of final consumption can look very different from that of the primary energy supply (TES). Both are needed to fully understand the energy system

As per IEA, world TFC in 2023 was 429,107,543 TJ, or ~67.7% of TES

Sourcewise TFC was as captured in the Figure below. Not all values are visible in the figure, hence reproduced from csv data source as: Coal and Coal products account for 8.6% of total final consumption, Oil and Oil products 40.15%, Primary Oil 0.07%, Natural Gas 16.4%, Biofuels and waste 9.4%, Electricity 21.2%, Heat 3.8% and Solar/wind/other renewables 0.44%

Explore Primary Energy indicators

Energy Use KgOE per Capita
Fuel Exports pct of Merchandise Exports
Fuel Imports pct of Merchandise Imports
Coal Rents pct of GDP
Mineral Rents pct of GDP
Natural Gas Rents pct of GDP
Oil Rents pct of GDP
Natural Resources Rent pct GDP