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Coal and Lignite Sector in India
Use of coal in India dates back to historical times at places close to coal regions in the eastern part of the country
Commercial Coal mining received a thrust with the setting up of a rail link between Howrah and Raniganj in 1853, and there has been no looking back since then
Coal and Lignite are often discussed and presented together. We too start with classification of Coal into various categories to see where Lignite fits
Coal refers to a whole range of combustible sedimentary rock materials spanning over a continuous quality scale. For convenience, this continuous series is often divided into two main categories, namely hard coal and brown coal
As per the International Coal Classification of the Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), Hard Coal is defined as Coal of gross calorific value not less than 5700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) on an ash- free but moist basis, while Brown Coal is defined as Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 5700 kcal/kg (23.9 GJ/t) containing more than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis
Brown Coal is typically sub-divided into Sub-bituminous coal and Lignite. However, Lignite is also sometimes called Brown Coal. Lignite is the lowest rank of coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% hence a relatively low heat content
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